White dwarf stars

White dwarf is a degenerate dwarf or a stellar core ramnant mainly composed with electron degenerate matter.

White dwarf is very massive. Its mass is just like with the mass of sun but the volume is just like with earth.

White dwarf is luminous. The luminousity comes from the emission of thermal radiation from white dwarf. The thermal energy stored into white dwarf is radiate as thermal radiation.

White dwarf is a final evolutionary state of stars. Its mass is not enough sufficient to form a neutron star.

Though, in white dwarf mass is convert into energy there no fusion take place within white dwarf.

Neutron stars

Nutron star is a big size stellar object that is 1.4 time bigger than sun. Nutron star borns due to the explosive death of a larger star due to supernovae.

An interesting things is observable in neutron star that new stars are survived when it creates by deadly blast of supernovae. If the second star is less mass than the sun it tries to gain mass from the companion stars. Gaining mass from companion stars is very interesting.  It pulls mass from the companion stars into its  Roche Lobe a ballon like cloud material that orbits surrounding the neutron star.

Massive stars transfer mass to the neutron star at a form of stellar wind. Material flows along the magnetic pole of the neutron star.

body detonation mechanism

Body detonation mechanism means a way how a body or object detonates or do explosion effectively.

In supernovae there found an exclusive body detonation mechanism of stars. Supernovae is the end stage of a star to death. An explosion happen in a period of supernovae.

A special types of supernovae is type la supernovae. The explosion in white dwarf stars is the indicator of establishing acceleration of expansion of universe.

Gravitational singularity

Gravitational singularity is also called space-time singularity. Gravitational singularity is a location in space-time where gravitational field of a celestial body is infinite and it is independent with coordinate system.

When density in the centre of black hole become infinite then gravitational singularity is considered within general theory of relativity.

The early state of the universe during big Bang the gravitational singularity was exist.  It is thought that once the entire universe was started to expand from a singular point.  This is the concepts of singularity.

A prediction from general theory of relativity is that when any object collapse beyond a certain point tend to form black hole inside which singularity is formed.

According to Penrose-Hawking singularity theorem, singularity is defined as geodesic and can not extend in a smooth manner.

Some theories makes drawback on singularity. Loop quantum gravity says that singularity may not exist.